Chapter 21
Both sides harden
Summary
A short intercalary chapter on how the road changes both sides. The agrarian families become migrants, and the hostility they meet welds them together. Californians of property arm themselves and talk themselves into cruelty first; the men who drill at night own nothing but a job or a drawerful of debts, and fear a debtless man who would work for less. Ten men bid each other down for one job, so wages fall while prices hold. The great owners buy canneries, cut the price of fruit below the cost of growing it, and absorb the small farms that fail. Money that might have been wages goes on gas, guns, spies and blacklists, and the companies do not see how thin the line is between hunger and anger.
Plates
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Composition
Written: 5 September 1938 Journal entries: #64 Dating: from DeMott's editorial markers in Working Days
From the journal
5 September 1938, Monday, 9:40 — Entry #64
Beginning Chapter 9 general [Ed.—Chapter 21]. This one will be of the locals and their fight to preserve themselves. It should be a decent one. First, our house is sold.* Just one more thing. We hadn’t intended to sell it so soon but the first people who looked at it wanted it. Well—the last four books have been written in […]
Source: Working Days: The Journals of The Grapes of Wrath, 1938–1941, ed. Robert DeMott (Viking, 1989).